SfSpreadsheet calculation engine offers automated calculation over a formula, expression, or cross sheet references. SfSpreadsheet calculation engine is preloaded with 409 formulas covering a broad range of business functions.
Named Ranges are the defined names that represents a cell, range of cells, formula, or constant value or table. Each name have a scope of either to a specific worksheet or to the entire workbook.
SfSpreadsheet allows the user to define/add the named ranges at runtime by using AddNamedRange
method.
Name
|
Description
|
DATE
|
Returns a date, from a user-supplied year, month and day
|
DATEVALUE
|
Converts a text string showing a date, to an integer that represents the date in Excel's date-time code
|
DAY
|
Returns the day (of the month) from a user-supplied date
|
DAYS360
|
Calculates the number of days between 2 dates, based on a 360-day year (12 x 30 months)
|
HOUR
|
Returns the hour part of a user-supplied time
|
MINUTE
|
Returns the minute part of a user-supplied time
|
SECOND
|
Returns the seconds part of a user-supplied time
|
MONTH
|
Returns the month from a user-supplied date
|
NOW
|
Returns the current date & time
|
TIME
|
Returns a time, from a user-supplied hour, minute and second
|
TIMEVALUE
|
Converts a text string showing a time, to a decimal that represents the time in Excel
|
TODAY
|
Returns today's date
|
WEEKDAY
|
Returns an integer representing the day of the week for a supplied date
|
YEAR
|
Returns the year from a user-supplied date
|
DAYS
|
Calculates the number of days between 2 dates
|
EDATE
|
Returns a date that is the specified number of months before or after an initial supplied start date
|
EOMONTH
|
Returns a date that is the last day of the month which is a specified number of months before or after an initial supplied start date
|
ISOWEEKNUM
|
Returns the ISO week number of the year for a given date
|
NETWORKDAYS.INTL
|
Returns the number of whole network days (excluding weekends & holidays), between two supplied dates, using parameters to specify weekend days
|
WEEKNUM
|
Returns an integer representing the week number (from 1 to 53) of the year from a user-supplied date
|
WORKDAY
|
Returns a date that is a supplied number of working days (excluding weekends & holidays) ahead of a given start date
|
WORKDAY.INTL
|
Returns a date that is a supplied number of working days (excluding weekends & holidays) ahead of a given start date, using supplied parameters to specify weekend days
|
YEARFRAC
|
Calculates the fraction of the year represented by the number of whole days between two dates
|
Name
|
Description
|
DEC2BIN
|
Converts a decimal number to binary
|
DCE2OCT
|
Converts a binary number to octal
|
DEC2HEX
|
Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal
|
BIN2DEC
|
Converts a binary number to hexadecimal
|
BIN2OCT
|
Converts a binary number to octal
|
BIN2HEX
|
Converts a binary number to hexadecimal
|
HEX2BIN
|
Converts a hexadecimal number to binary
|
HEX2DEC
|
Converts a hexadecimal number to a decimal
|
HEX2OCT
|
Converts a hexadecimal number to octal
|
OCT2BIN
|
Converts octal number to binary
|
OCT2DEC
|
Converts octal number to a decimal
|
OCT2HEX
|
Converts octal number to hexadecimal
|
IMABS
|
Returns the absolute value (the modulus) of a complex number
|
IMAGINARY
|
Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number
|
IMREAL
|
Returns the real coefficient of a complex number
|
COMPLEX
|
Converts user-supplied real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number
|
IMSUM
|
Calculates the sum of two complex numbers
|
IMSUB
|
Subtracts two complex numbers
|
IMPRODUCT
|
Returns the product of up to 255 supplied complex numbers
|
IMDIV
|
Returns the quotient of two supplied complex numbers
|
IMCONJUGATE
|
Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number
|
IMSQRT
|
Returns the square root of a complex number
|
IMARGUMENT
|
Returns the argument Θ (an angle expressed in radians) of a complex number
|
IMSIN
|
Returns the sine of a complex number
|
IMCSC
|
Returns the cosecant of a complex number
|
IMCOS
|
Returns the cosine of a complex number
|
IMSEC
|
Returns the secant of a complex number
|
IMTAN
|
Returns the tangent of a complex number
|
IMCOT
|
Returns the cotangent of a complex number
|
IMSINH
|
Returns the hyperbolic sine of a complex number
|
IMCSCH
|
Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a complex number
|
IMCOSH
|
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a complex number
|
IMSECH
|
Returns the hyperbolic secant of a complex number
|
IMLOG10
|
Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number
|
IMLOG2
|
Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number
|
IMLN
|
Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number
|
IMEXP
|
Returns the exponential of a complex number
|
IMPOWER
|
Calculates a complex number raised to a supplied power
|
GESTEP
|
Tests whether a number is greater than a supplied threshold value
|
DELTA
|
Tests whether two supplied numbers are equal
|
BITAND
|
Returns a Bitwise 'And' of two numbers
|
BITOR
|
Returns a Bitwise 'Or' of two numbers
|
BITXOR
|
Returns a Bitwise 'Exclusive Or' of two numbers
|
BITLSHIFT
|
Returns a number shifted left by a specified number of bits
|
BITRSHIFT
|
Returns a number shifted right by a specified number of bits
|
ERF
|
Returns the error function integrated between two supplied limits
|
ERF.PRECISE
|
Returns the error function integrated between 0 and a supplied limit
|
ERFC.PRECISE
|
Returns the complementary error function integrated between a supplied lower limit and infinity
|
BESSELI
|
Calculates the modified Bessel function In(x)
|
BESSELJ
|
Calculates the Bessel function Jn(x)
|
BESSELY
|
Calculates the modified Bessel function Yn(x)
|
BESSELK
|
Calculates the modified Bessel function Kn(x)
|
CONVERT
|
Converts a number from one measurement system to another
|
Name
|
Description
|
DB
|
Calculates the depreciation of an asset for a specified period, using the fixed-declining balance method
|
DDB
|
Calculates the depreciation of an asset for a specified period, using the double-declining balance method, or some other user-specified method
|
FV
|
Calculates the future value of an investment with periodic constant payments and a constant interest rate
|
IPMT
|
Calculates the interest payment for a given period of an investment, with periodic constant payments and a constant interest rate
|
IRR
|
Calculates the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows
|
XIRR
|
Calculates the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows
|
ISPMT
|
Returns the interest paid during a specified period of an investment
|
MIRR
|
Calculates the internal rate of return for a series of periodic cash flows, considering the cost of the investment and the interest on the reinvestment of cash
|
NPER
|
Returns the number of periods for an investment with periodic constant payments and a constant interest rate
|
NPV
|
Calculates the net present value of an investment, based on a supplied discount rate, and a series of future payments and income
|
PMT
|
Calculates the payments required to reduce a loan, from a supplied present value to a specified future value
|
PPMT
|
Calculates the payment on the principal for a given investment, with periodic constant payments and a constant interest rate
|
PV
|
Calculates the present value of an investment (i.e. the total amount that a series of future payments is worth now)
|
RATE
|
Calculates the interest rate required to pay off a specified amount of a loan, or reach a target amount on an investment over a given period
|
SLN
|
Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period
|
SYD
|
Returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period
|
VDB
|
Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period, (including partial periods), using the double-declining balance method or another user-specified method
|
DOLLARDE
|
Converts a dollar price expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price expressed as a decimal
|
DOLLARFR
|
Converts a dollar price expressed as a decimal, into a dollar price expressed as a fraction
|
DURATION
|
Calculates the Macaulay duration of a security with an assumed par value of $100
|
RRI
|
Calculates an equivalent interest rate for the growth of an investment
|
FVSCHEDULE
|
Calculates the future value of an initial principal, after applying a series of compound interest rates
|
DISC
|
Calculates the discount rate for a security
|
INTRATE
|
Calculates the interest rate for a fully invested security
|
CUMIPMT
|
Calculates the cumulative interest paid between two specified periods
|
CUMPRINC
|
Calculates the cumulative principal paid on a loan, between two specified periods
|
RECEIVED
|
Calculates the amount received at maturity for a fully invested Security
|
Name
|
Description
|
ABS
|
Returns the absolute value of a number
|
ACOS
|
Returns the arccosine of a number
|
ACOSH
|
Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number
|
ASIN
|
Returns the arcsine of a number
|
ASINH
|
Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number
|
ATAN
|
Returns the arctangent of a number
|
ATAN2
|
Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates
|
ATANH
|
Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number
|
SUM
|
Adds its arguments
|
PI
|
Returns the value of pi
|
POWER
|
Returns the result of a number raised to a power
|
POW
|
Returns the result of a number raised to a power
|
SUBTOTAL
|
Returns a subtotal in a list or database
|
COS
|
Returns the cosine of a number
|
SIN
|
Returns the sine of the given angle
|
COSH
|
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
|
SINH
|
Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number
|
TANH
|
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number
|
TAN
|
Returns the tangent of a number
|
ACOT
|
Returns the arc cotangent of a number, in radians in the range 0 to Pi
|
ACOTH
|
Returns the inverse hyperbolic cotangent of a number
|
SIGN
|
Returns the sign of a number
|
SQRT
|
Returns a positive square root
|
ROUND
|
Rounds a number to a specified number of digits
|
LOG
|
Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base
|
LOG10
|
Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number
|
EXP
|
Returns e raised to the power of a given number
|
CEILING
|
Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
|
CEILING.MATH
|
Returns the RoundUp of the given number to the given significance
|
COLUMNS
|
Returns the number of columns of the passed in cell reference
|
FLOOR
|
Rounds a number down, toward zero
|
PRODUCT
|
Multiplies its arguments
|
MOD
|
Returns the remainder from division
|
TRUNC
|
Truncates a number to an integer
|
INT
|
Rounds a number down to nearest integer
|
ISEVEN
|
Returns true if the number is even
|
SUMPRODUCT
|
Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components
|
EXP
|
Returns e raised to the power of a given number
|
INT
|
Rounds a number down to the nearest integer
|
RAND
|
Returns an evenly distributed random number >= 0 and < 1
|
COMBIN
|
Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects
|
DEGREES
|
Converts radians to degrees
|
EVEN
|
Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer
|
FACT
|
Returns the factorial of a number
|
LN
|
Returns the natural logarithm of a number
|
ODD
|
Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer
|
RADIANS
|
Converts degrees to radians
|
ROUNDDOWN
|
Rounds a number down, toward zero
|
ROUNDUP
|
Rounds a number up, away from zero
|
MROUND
|
Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple
|
MULTINOMIAL
|
Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers
|
QUOTIENT
|
Returns the integer portion of a division
|
FACTDOUBLE
|
Returns the double factorial of a number
|
GCD
|
Returns the greatest common divisor
|
LCM
|
Returns the least common multiple
|
SQRTPI
|
Returns the square root of (number * pi)
|
ROMAN
|
Converts an Arabic numeral to Roman, as text
|
SUMSQ
|
Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments
|
SUMX2MY2
|
Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
|
SUMX2PY2
|
Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
|
SUMXMY2
|
Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays
|
SUMIFS
|
Adds the cells specified by a given set of conditions or criteria
|
SEC
|
Returns the secant of an angle
|
SECH
|
Returns the hyperbolic secant of an angle
|
COT
|
Returns the cotangent of an angle
|
COTH
|
Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of a number
|
CSC
|
Returns the cosecant of an angle
|
CSCH
|
Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of an angle
|
TRUNCATE
|
Truncates a number to an integer
|
COMBINA
|
Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects
|
BASE
|
Converts number into text representation
|
DECIMAL
|
Converts text representation of a number in a given base into decimal number
|
ARABIC
|
Converts a roman numeral to Arabic
|
CEILING.MATH
|
Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
|
MDETERM
|
Returns the matrix determinant of an array
|
MMULT
|
Returns the matrix product of two arrays
|
MINVERSE
|
Returns the matrix inverse of an array
|
MUNIT
|
Returns the unit matrix for the specified dimension
|
Name
|
Description
|
AVG
|
Returns the average of its arguments
|
AVERAGE
|
Returns the average of its arguments
|
MAX
|
Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments
|
MIN
|
Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments
|
MAXA
|
Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
|
MINA
|
Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
|
MEDIAN
|
Returns the median of the given numbers
|
CONFIDENCE.T
|
Returns the confidence interval for a population mean
|
SKEW.P
|
Returns the skewness of a distribution
|
COVARIANCE.P
|
Returns population covariance, the average of the products deviation for each data point pair in two data sets.
|
COVARIANCE.S
|
Returns the sample covariance, the average of the products deviation for each data point pair in two data sets.
|
PERCENTILE.EXC
|
Returns the Kth percentile of the values in a range, where K is in the range 0….1 exclusive
|
PERCENTILE.INC
|
Returns the Kth percentile of the values in a range, where K is in the range 0….1 inclusive
|
PERCENTRANK.EXC
|
Returns the rank of value in dataset as a percentage of the data set as percentage (0….1, exclusive) of the dataset
|
PERCENTRANC.INC
|
Returns the rank of value in dataset as a percentage of the data set as percentage (0….1, inclusive) of the dataset
|
STDEV.P
|
Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population
|
STDEV.S
|
Estimates standard deviation based on a sample
|
PERMUTATIONA
|
Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects
|
NORM.DIST
|
Returns the normal cumulative distribution
|
NORM.INV
|
Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution
|
NORM.S.DIST
|
Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution
|
NORM.S.INV
|
Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution
|
WEIBULL.DIST
|
Returns the Weibull distribution
|
EXPON.DIST
|
Returns the exponential distribution
|
GAMMA.DIST
|
Returns the gamma distribution
|
GAMMA.INV
|
Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution
|
GAMMALN.PRECISE
|
Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x)
|
T.INV
|
Returns the left-tailed inverse of the Student’s t-distribution
|
F.INV.RT
|
Returns the inverse of the right-tailed F probability distribution for two data sets
|
BINOM.INV
|
Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is greater than or equal to a criterion value
|
HYPGEOM.DIST
|
Returns the hypergeometric distribution
|
LOGNORM.DIST
|
Returns the cumulative log-normal distribution
|
LOGNORM.INV
|
Returns the inverse of the lognormal distribution
|
CONFIDENCE.NORM
|
Returns the confidence interval for a population mean, using a normal distribution
|
CHISQ.DIST.RT
|
Returns the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
|
F.DIST
|
Returns the F probability distribution
|
F.DIST.RT
|
Returns the right-tailed F probability distribution for two data sets
|
CHISQ.TEST
|
Returns the chi-squared statistical test for independence
|
CHISQ.INV
|
Returns the inverse of the left-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
|
CHISQ.INV.RT
|
Returns the inverse of the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
|
BINOM.DIST
|
Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability
|
Z.TEST
|
Returns the one-tailed probability value of a z-test
|
RANK.AVG
|
Returns the statistical rank of a given value, within a supplied array of values (if more than one value has same rank, the average rank is returned)
|
RANK.EQ
|
Returns the Mode (the most frequently occurring value) of a list of supplied numbers (if more than one value has same rank, the top rank of that set is returned)
|
NEGBINOM.DIST
|
Returns the negative binomial distribution
|
POISSON.DIST
|
Returns the Poisson distribution
|
QUARTILE.EXC
|
Returns the specified quartile of a set of supplied numbers, based on percentile value 0 - 1 (exclusive)
|
QUARTILE.INC
|
Returns the specified quartile of a set of supplied numbers, based on percentile value 0 - 1 (inclusive)
|
AVEDEV
|
Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean
|
AVERAGEA
|
Returns the Average of a list of supplied numbers, counting text and the logical value FALSE as the value 0 and counting the logical value TRUE as the value 1
|
GAMMALN
|
Calculates the natural logarithm of the gamma function for a supplied value
|
GAMMADIST
|
Returns the gamma distribution
|
GAMMAINV
|
Returns the inverse gamma cumulative distribution
|
GEOMEAN
|
Returns the geometric mean of a set of supplied numbers
|
HARMEAN
|
Returns the harmonic mean of a set of supplied numbers
|
HYPGEOMDIST
|
Returns the hypergeometric distribution
|
INTERCEPT
|
Calculates the best fit regression line, through a supplied series of x- and y- values and returns the value at which this line intercepts the y-axis
|
BINOMDIST
|
Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability
|
CHIDIST
|
Returns the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
|
CHIINV
|
Returns the inverse of the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
|
CHITEST
|
Returns the chi-squared statistical test for independence
|
NORMDIST
|
Returns the normal cumulative distribution
|
NORMINV
|
Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution
|
NORMSINV
|
Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution
|
NORMSDIST
|
Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution
|
CONFIDENCE
|
Returns the confidence interval for a population mean, using a normal distribution
|
CORREL
|
Returns the correlation coefficient between two sets of values
|
COUNT
|
Returns the number of numerical values in a supplied set of cells or values
|
COUNTA
|
Returns the number of non-blanks in a supplied set of cells or values
|
COUNTBLANK
|
Returns the number of blank cells in a supplied range
|
COUNTIF
|
Returns the number of cells (of a supplied range), that satisfy a given criteria
|
COVAR
|
Returns population covariance (i.e. the average of the products of deviations for each pair within two supplied data sets)
|
CRITBINOM
|
Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is greater than or equal to a criterion value
|
DEVSQ
|
Returns the sum of the squares of the deviations of a set of data points from their sample mean
|
EXPONDIST
|
Returns the exponential distribution
|
FDIST
|
Returns the F probability distribution (probability density or cumulative distribution function)
|
FINV
|
Returns the inverse of the right-tailed F probability distribution for two data sets
|
FISHER
|
Returns the Fisher transformation
|
FISHERINV
|
Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation
|
FORECAST
|
Predicts a future point on a linear trend line fitted to a supplied set of x- and y- values
|
KURT
|
Returns the kurtosis of a data set
|
LARGE
|
Returns the Kth LARGEST value from a list of supplied numbers, for a given value K
|
LOGNORMDIST
|
Returns the cumulative log-normal distribution
|
LOGINV
|
Returns the inverse of the lognormal distribution
|
MODE
|
Returns the Mode (the most frequently occurring value) of a list of supplied numbers
|
NEGBINOMDIST
|
Returns the negative binomial distribution
|
PEARSON
|
Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
|
PERCENTILE
|
Returns the K'th percentile of values in a supplied range, where K is in the range 0 - 1 (inclusive)
|
PERCENTILERANK
|
Returns the rank of a value in a data set, as a percentage (0 - 1 inclusive)
|
PERMUT
|
Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects
|
POISSON
|
Returns the Poisson distribution
|
PROB
|
Returns the probability that values in a supplied range are within given limits
|
QUARTILE
|
Returns the specified quartile of a set of supplied numbers, based on percentile value 0 - 1 (inclusive)
|
RANQ
|
Returns the Mode (the most frequently occurring value) of a list of supplied numbers (if more than one value has same rank, the top rank of that set is returned)
|
RSQ
|
Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
|
SKEW
|
Returns the skewness of a distribution
|
SLOPE
|
Returns the slope of the linear regression line through a supplied series of x- and y- values
|
SMALL
|
Returns the Kth SMALLEST value from a list of supplied numbers, for a given value K
|
STANDARDIZE
|
Returns a normalized value
|
STDEV
|
Returns the standard deviation of a supplied set of values (which represent a sample of a population)
|
STDEVA
|
Returns the standard deviation of a supplied set of values (which represent a sample of a population), counting text and the logical value FALSE as the value 0 and counting the logical value TRUE as the value 1
|
STDEVP
|
Returns the standard deviation of a supplied set of values (which represent an entire population)
|
STDEVPA
|
Returns the standard deviation of a supplied set of values (which represent an entire population), counting text and the logical value FALSE as the value 0 and counting the logical value TRUE as the value 1
|
STEYX
|
Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression line for a set of supplied x- and y- values
|
TRIMMEAN
|
Returns the mean of the interior of a supplied set of values
|
VAR
|
Returns the variance of a supplied set of values (which represent a sample of a population)
|
VARA
|
Returns the variance of a supplied set of values (which represent a sample of a population), counting text and the logical value FALSE as the value 0 and counting the logical value TRUE as the value 1
|
VARP
|
Returns the variance of a supplied set of values (which represent an entire population)
|
VARPA
|
Returns the variance of a supplied set of values (which represent an entire population), counting text and the logical value FALSE as the value 0 and counting the logical value TRUE as the value 1
|
WEIBULL
|
Returns the Weibull distribution
|
ZTEST
|
Returns the one-tailed probability value of a z-test
|
Name
|
Description
|
LEFT
|
Returns a specified number of characters from the start of a supplied text string
|
LEN
|
Returns the length of a supplied text string
|
TRUNC
|
Truncates a number to an integer removing decimal part or fractional part
|
MID
|
Returns a specified number of characters from the middle of a supplied text string
|
RIGHT
|
Returns a specified number of characters from the end of a supplied text string
|
VALUE
|
Converts a text string into a numeric value
|
DOLLAR
|
Converts a supplied number into text, using a currency format
|
FIXED
|
Rounds a supplied number to a specified number of decimal places, and then converts this into text
|
LOWER
|
Converts all characters in a supplied text string to lower case
|
UPPER
|
Converts all characters in a supplied text string to upper case
|
TEXT
|
Converts a supplied value into text, using a user-specified format
|
TRIM
|
Removes duplicate spaces, and spaces at the start and end of a text string
|
CONCATENATE
|
Joins together two or more text strings
|
SUBSTITUTE
|
Substitutes all occurrences of a search text string, within an original text string, with the supplied replacement text
|
T
|
Tests whether a supplied value is text and if so, returns the supplied text; If not, returns an empty text string.
|
CODE
|
Returns the numeric code for the first character of a supplied string
|
FINDB
|
Returns the position of a supplied character or text string from within a supplied text string (case-sensitive)
|
LEFTB
|
Returns a specified number of characters from the start of a supplied text string
|
LENB
|
Returns the length of a supplied text string
|
MINB
|
Returns the smallest value in a set of values. does not ignore logical text and values
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RIGHTB
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Returns a specified number of characters from the end of a supplied text string
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NUMBERVALUE
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Converts text to a number, in a locale-independent way
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PROPER
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Converts all characters in a supplied text string to proper case (i.e. letters that do not follow another letter are upper case and all other characters are lower case)
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REPLACE
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Replaces all or part of a text string with another string (from a user supplied position)
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REPT
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Returns a string consisting of a supplied text string, repeated a specified number of times
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SEARCHB
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Returns the position of a supplied character or text string from within a supplied text string (non-case-sensitive)
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UNICHAR
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Returns the Unicode character that is referenced by the given numeric value
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UNICODE
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Returns the number (code point) corresponding to the first character of a supplied text string
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